Irreversible Dental Damage Linked to Eating Disorders

Dental health experts are sounding the alarm on the severe and often permanent oral damage associated with eating disorders. A heightened awareness of the risks is essential, as individuals with these disorders are particularly vulnerable to erosive damage caused by increased acidity in the oral environment.

The Culprits: Acidic Foods, Reduced Saliva, and Vomiting

Eating disorders, in their diverse forms, can inflict irreversible harm on teeth. Excessive consumption of acidic foods and beverages, diminished saliva production, and vomiting—common in conditions like bulimia—contribute to dental erosion. 

This process involves the chemical dissolution of the tooth surface, leading to the exposure of dentin and heightened tooth sensitivity. Unfortunately, the lost enamel and dentin do not regenerate, resulting in permanent damage.

Consumption of Ultra-Processed Foods Tied to Elevated Risk of Mouth Cancers

Complications and Consequences

Specialist dentist Marjut Sakko from HUS’s Unit for Oral Diseases warns that the dry mouth and reduced saliva production associated with eating disorders not only elevate the risk of tooth erosion but also give rise to other oral complications. These include mucosal lesions, yeast infections, and inflammation of the mouth corners. In severe cases, the damage caused by erosion and caries may necessitate root canal treatments or tooth extractions.

Despite maintaining generally good oral hygiene, individuals with eating disorders may inadvertently contribute to dental issues through excessive brushing force. This can lead to problems such as gum recession and abrasion lesions. Experts advise against brushing teeth immediately after vomiting, as it can intensify wear on the teeth. Instead, it is recommended to rinse the mouth with water post-vomiting and wait at least half an hour before brushing. Additionally, the use of teeth whitening products, including whitening toothpaste, should be avoided.

Prevention and Treatment: A Holistic Approach

The primary emphasis for safeguarding teeth lies in addressing the root cause—the eating disorder itself. Establishing healthy and regular eating habits, steering clear of acidic foods and drinks, ensuring adequate saliva production, and undergoing regular oral examinations are pivotal in preventing oral diseases.

Regular dental health check-ups are deemed crucial, especially for children and adolescents, for the early detection and prevention of eating disorders. In a collaborative effort, HUS and the Well-being Area of Uusimaa have released a treatment pathway. This initiative aims to ensure timely dental care for patients with eating disorders and standardize treatment practices across individuals, emphasizing the importance of a multidisciplinary approach.