Researchers Identify Unique Biomarkers for Peri-Implantitis

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SOUTH KOREA: In a recent study published in the Journal of Dentistry, researchers from Pusan National University have made significant progress in understanding the genetic distinctions between peri-implantitis (PI) and periodontitis, potentially transforming diagnostic and treatment approaches for dental implant complications.

The study, led by Professor Yun Hak Kim, reveals critical insights into the biological mechanisms of peri-implantitis. Researchers conducted a detailed analysis of gingival tissue samples from patients with both PI and periodontitis, uncovering three specific marker genes that are uniquely overexpressed in peri-implantitis.

Key Genetic Markers

According to the research, the three identified biomarkers—ACTA2, FAP, and PDGFRβ—represent a pivotal discovery in differentiating PI from periodontitis. Professor Kim explained the significance of the finding: “Although peri-implantitis and periodontitis share clinical similarities, they exhibit distinct biological pathways.”

The identification of these biomarkers could potentially revolutionize how dental professionals approach PI diagnosis and treatment. The research suggests that biomarker-based diagnostics could minimize misdiagnoses and enable more targeted treatment strategies.
Existing treatment protocols for peri-implantitis have proven less effective compared to periodontitis treatments. The current approach, which involves mechanical methods and antimicrobial treatments, has struggled to control the disease effectively.

Future Outlook

Professor Kim anticipates that the study’s findings could serve as a fundamental basis for developing specialized therapies. “Over the next 5–10 years, this study could contribute to extending the durability and success rates of dental implants, especially for patients at elevated risk of peri-implantitis,” he noted.

The research not only provides insights into peri-implantitis but also offers valuable perspectives on understanding chronic inflammatory diseases with similar cellular mechanisms.

The full research article, titled “Paired Transcriptional Analysis of Periodontitis and Peri-Implantitis within same host: a Pilot study,” is available in the Journal of Dentistry.