Study Reveals Positive Long-Term Outcomes for Horizontal Root Fractures in Permanent Teeth

A retrospective cohort study examining the long-term outcomes of horizontal root fractures in permanent teeth has reported favorable results, highlighting the importance of timely diagnosis and treatment. 

The study, which analyzed data from 103 patients and 125 teeth over a follow-up period of 79 weeks, revealed an overall favourable outcome rate of 92% following treatment, including splinting/repositioning and/or endodontic therapy.

The study found that male sex and incomplete root development were associated with a higher likelihood of favorable outcomes after splinting/repositioning and a reduced need for endodontic therapy. Additionally, prompt treatment within 24 hours of injury significantly improved outcomes compared to delayed treatment, with delays of more than one week associated with an increased need for endodontic therapy.

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Key Findings and Implications

Horizontal root fractures were predominantly caused by sports injuries, followed by traffic accidents, falls, and fights, with maxillary incisors being the most affected. Fracture lines were commonly observed in the middle third of the tooth root. All teeth required splinting for at least 12 weeks, with the use of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) contributing to improved outcomes.

Dr. Satheesh Elangovan emphasized the importance of timely intervention, stating, “A favorable outcome is feasible when patients with horizontal root fractures are diagnosed and treated in a timely fashion.” Educating athletes, families, and school officials about the significance of early treatment for facial injuries, including horizontal root fractures, is crucial. Implementing preventive measures such as mouth protectors can help reduce the risk of sports-related dental injuries.

Conclusion

The study underscores the critical role of dentists in diagnosing and managing horizontal root fractures, particularly in emergency situations. 

By prioritizing early stabilization, the need for invasive endodontic therapy can be minimized. The findings provide valuable insights for clinicians and emphasize the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration in optimizing patient outcomes in cases of dental trauma.