Human-on-a-Chip: 3D Printing Reproducing Human Tissue

BRAZIL: Researchers from the São Paulo State Research Support Foundation (Visp) have pioneered the development of a revolutionary device known as the “human-on-a-chip” or “body-on-a-chip” (BoC), utilizing 3D printing technology. 

This cutting-edge device, capable of reproducing human tissue, has been instrumental in evaluating the toxicity of various products, marking a significant milestone in biomedical research.

Utilization in Product Toxicity Testing

The BoC, which recreates skin and intestinal tissue, has been deployed for toxicity testing in several countries, including Brazil. Major industry players, such as cosmetics giant Nature, have embraced this technology since the first half of 2023. 

Collaborative Effort to Revolutionize 3D Printing in Medical Device Manufacturing

Biologist Juliana Lago explains, “We apply the ingredient we want to test to the reconstructed skin and evaluate its toxicity, simulating the action of the human body.”

This innovative approach addresses ethical concerns previously associated with safety and effectiveness tests, particularly in the beauty, personal hygiene, and perfume industries. By replacing animal testing, which was banned in March 2023 by the National Council for the Control of Experiments on Animals (Concea), with BoC technology, researchers can conduct comprehensive toxicity assessments while ensuring adherence to ethical standards.

Material and Production Process

Startup 3DBS, based in Campinas, Brazil, plays a pivotal role in producing human tissue using 3D printing technology. Intestinal tissue is created from cells sourced from a cell bank in Rio de Janeiro, while skin tissue is derived from human cells obtained from tissue samples collected during surgeries. 

Biologist Ana Luisa Milas explains, “Cells removed from surgery in children quickly produce type I collagen, which is the protein we need because it gives the skin resistance and elasticity.”

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Beyond its application in biomedical research, 3D printing technology has found diverse applications, including custom medical and dental prosthetics, complex parts for automotive and aerospace industries, and production of custom or low-volume moulds and consumables. 

Additionally, advancements such as the development of skin tissue with structures similar to hair follicles through bio-printing hold promise for future therapeutic interventions in wound healing and graft treatments.

Future Prospects and Ongoing Research

The ongoing evolution of 3D printing technology opens up new avenues for scientific research and medical innovation. With continuous advancements and interdisciplinary collaboration, researchers aim to harness the full potential of this technology to address complex healthcare challenges and improve patient outcomes.