Mouthwash Study Stirs Concerns over Alcohol-Based Products

Potential Link to Oral Diseases and Cancers

A recent study conducted at the Institute of Tropical Medicine in Antwerp, Belgium, has shed light on the potential risks associated with the regular use of alcohol-based mouthwashes. The findings, published in the Journal of Medical Microbiology, suggest that these products may contribute to alterations in the oral microbiome, potentially increasing the risk of certain gum diseases and cancers.

Changes in Bacterial Composition

The research team, led by PhD student Jolein Lauman, observed significant differences in the composition and number of bacteria in the participants’ oral microbiome after using the popular alcohol-based mouthwash Listerine Cool Mint. Two species of bacteria, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Streptococcus anginosus, were found to be significantly more abundant after daily use of the mouthwash. Notably, these bacteria have been linked to several diseases, including gum disease and esophageal and colorectal cancer.

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“We found that Listerine cool mint had an adverse effect on some beneficial bacteria,” said Chris Kenyon, PhD, a professor at the Institute of Tropical Medicine and one of the authors of the study. “For example, it decreases the abundance of the phylum Actinobacteria. Various Actinomyces species are part of the nitrate-reducing oral bacteria, which convert salivary nitrate to nitrite for further generation of the potent vasodilator nitric oxide, which is important for keeping blood pressure down.”

Cautionary Advice from Researchers

While the researchers acknowledge the limitations of their study, including the limited sampling areas and lack of dietary and smoking information, they emphasize the need for caution when using alcohol-based mouthwashes on a regular basis.

“Alcohol-based mouthwashes are widely available,” said Lauman in a press release. “The public may use them daily to tackle bad breath or prevent periodontitis, but they should be aware of the potential implications. Ideally, long-term usage should be guided by healthcare professionals.”

Alternative Options for Certain Populations

The researchers suggest that individuals with dry mouth and other conditions, such as those undergoing radiation treatment, taking certain medications, or those with medical conditions like diabetes or Sjogren’s syndrome, may find alcohol-free mouthwashes a better option. Additionally, people with a history of alcohol abuse and those with extensive dental restorations might also prefer alcohol-free mouthwash.

Expert Perspective on Cancer Risk

While acknowledging the potential contribution of alcohol-based mouthwashes to cancer risk, Dr. Eric Ascher, a family medicine physician at Northwell Lenox Hill Hospital in New York, emphasizes the importance of considering other factors. “Mouthwash with alcohol may be a contributing factor if someone is also a smoker, alcoholic, or eats unhealthily, but research doesn’t suggest this is the cause of cancer alone. You would also need extensive use of it,” he stated.

Balanced Approach and Professional Guidance

The researchers urge caution in interpreting the study results and do not recommend that the general public should stop using mouthwash altogether. However, they emphasize the need for long-term use to be guided by healthcare professionals, taking into account individual circumstances and dental needs.

As with any health-related decision, it is advisable to consult with dental professionals and consider the potential risks and benefits before making any changes to one’s oral hygiene routine.