Opioid Prescriptions Post-Surgery Show Decline, But Concerns Persist

USA: A recent study conducted by the University of Michigan Health reveals a noteworthy shift in post-surgery pain relief methods over the past seven years. While the rate of surgery-related opioid prescriptions saw a 36% decline from 2016 to the end of 2022, and the average amount of opioids in these prescriptions dropped by 46%, concerns arise as the downward trend has slowed since 2020.

Slowed Decline Post-2020: A Cause for Concern

The research indicates that the rate of decline in surgery-related opioid prescriptions was notably faster before the pandemic, even when accounting for the temporary suspension of elective surgeries in spring 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. 

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Despite an overall reduction, American surgery patients in late 2022 still received a concerning average of 44 5-milligram pills of hydrocodone from pharmacies after their operations.

The study also reveals variations in opioid prescription patterns among different types of surgeons. Reductions were particularly significant in cardiothoracic surgery and ophthalmology. However, orthopaedic surgeons continue to account for more than half of all surgical opioids dispensed, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions in specific surgical specialties.

Continuing Efforts to Right-Size Opioid Prescriptions

While acknowledging the substantial reduction in opioid prescribing, Dr. Kao-Ping Chua, the senior author of the study, emphasizes the need to continue efforts to right-size opioid prescriptions after surgery. The goal is to ensure that opioids are prescribed judiciously, matching the patient’s actual needs, thereby minimizing the risk of misuse, persistent opioid use, and diversion.

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The study highlights the importance of not striving to eliminate opioid prescribing entirely but to focus on non-opioid surgical pain care. Accidental exposure to opioids within households and potential interactions with substances like alcohol and prescription drugs underscore the need for a balanced and cautious approach to post-surgery pain relief.

Ongoing Initiatives and Future Considerations

Researchers at the University of Michigan, in collaboration with the Michigan Opioid Prescribing Engagement Network, have been working on prescribing guidelines for surgical care. The study underscores the significance of continued efforts in aligning opioid prescriptions with patient needs and emphasizes the evolving landscape of opioid prescription trends in the context of the ongoing healthcare scenario.